Selectively ignore inappropriate behavior. Its time to design the Behavior Plan. He would often angrily slam the door on the way out of the house. No shame my friends. Or, when their timer goes off and reinforcement time is finished (i.e. Intervention Strategies for Aggression: Hitting. When a child engages in aggression towards others, there may be a need to create a more restrictive learning environment. Our highly skilled staff are committed daily to helping each student to becoming the best they can while providing a safe and nurturing educational environment. This is extremely motivating for him, and he can usually finish the task at hand, but if he needs more breaks, I always let him stop if he communicates that in a positive way. At all the RKS Schools we pride ourselves in discovery the hidden treasures of all of our students. He holds a post-baccalaureate certificate from Penn State's Educating Individuals with Autism program. Automatic reinforcement is typically when the student is engaging in challenging behavior because its some type of sensory escape for them. A person with autism benefits from additional cues when completing multi-step tasks. You can work on fading later. Saying "Hi" instead of yelling at someone. Real estate has the mantra: Location. Intervention Strategies for Aggression: Hitting. One way to increase the chances of a distraction or substitution helping calm the urge to self-injure is to match what you do to how you are feeling at the moment. Sometimes we talk and broad generalities, like Bobby keeps hitting me, and theres actually a lot of things inside of that broad description. It is important to identify the function of the behavior, in other words, "Why does Johnny smack himself in the head?" Then, x). Dont feel bad. Faster: it has to get help, escape, attention, internal reinforcement more quickly than the challenging behavior. Company Name: Step by Step Academy. If its easier to hit you than to find a communication device, look through it to find the right vocabulary, and then hit the button to tell you I want to talk to you, then hitting is going to prevail. She has a BA in Psychology and a minor in Sociology from The Ohio State University. Then Ill tackle ancillary behaviors and how we can teach them. What is a Replacement Behavior? Hope this helps! These three reasons form a perfect storm for hitting and other types of aggression. Thats why its so important to start by clearly defining the behavior. It might be helpful to use the A-B-C approach (Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence) to analyze the behavior. This can give you a brief pain sensation without you reaching for your self-harming tools. Another replacement behavior could be just teaching the skill of waiting. More Reliable: The replacement behavior has to get reinforcement more frequently and more consistently than the challenging behavior. It also helps you teach the behavior that you want to see in the target behavior's place. That could be them saying, I need a break or this is too hard. When inappropriate behaviors are replaced with more acceptable choices, it can lead to a decrease in overall classroom disruptions. Having worked with the Alpha School for over 25 years, parents often say to me, Why cant my child stay here forever? Alpha School embodies the spirit of the value of each individual as a unique gift to the universe. . Teaching Replacement Behaviors March 28, 2013 8:37 pm Published by Catherine Ganem M.A., BCBA Leave your thoughts. In persons with autism, self-stimulatory behavior may provide internal pleasure, help them cope with stressors in the environment, enhance their focus or help them express their emotions. Do you sell thole template for the choice board ? And while he cant avoid school forever, I am starting to teach him to replace the behavior with more proactive communication. Amazon, the Amazon logo, Amazon Supply, and the Amazon Supply logo are trademarks of Amazon.com Inc. or its affiliates. This should be outlined in the BIP and should list successive teaching steps for student to learn replacement behavior(s) and/or curriculum materials needed. a noble gas like neon), elemental molecules made from one type of atom (e.g. This replacement behavior, or new form of communication, should be something that (1) the child is capable of doing, (2) can be taught very easily, (3) will be easily noticed and acknowledged whenever the child uses it, and (4) works quickly for the child. What would be a replacement behavior for his actions. Accordingly, the second component of RIR is to redirect the child to engage in an appropriate, alternative. There is nothing we can do about it. But one day, we decided to dig deeper. Before we get started on specific skills in each area, let me clear up a few frequently asked questions about them. While neutral redirection is a common response to aggressive behavior, preventive measure should also be put in place. There is great variability with regard to a parent's tolerance and preferences about behavior management strategies for head-banging. Punch a cushion or punching bag - consider learning martial arts. Examples of interventions or ways to decrease this behavior include reinforcement of alternative behaviors, reinforcement of incompatible behaviors, use of schedules to engage children, providing communication systems, decreasing academic demands, and providing replacement behaviors. You may find that the behavior increases during The replacement behavior needs to be more efficient than the challenging behavior at accessing the reinforcer. You have successfully joined our subscriber list No worries, we won't spam you or sell your info and you can unsubscribe anytime. 4. A replacement skill is an appropriate skill that is maintained by the same consequences as the challenging behavior. Help kids learn to express themselves by naming emotions. Sign-up for our weekly Learning Tips e-newsletter to receive special education resources and tips straight to your inbox! Captcha loadingIn order to pass the CAPTCHA please enable JavaScript. So, first things first, here are the four steps to changing Behavior. Webster, Jerry. Arranging the environment so that the child has fewer opportunities to hit is advisable; strategies include staying within an arms length of him, keeping him seated at a table for instruction, teaching from across the table outside his range of motion, and teaching from a standing position while he is seated. Once you have a little bit of data to start with you may be able to see trends. Whats the purpose? What are they trying to tell us? Thoughts on a replacement behavior: calming tool, belly breath (which they can & do, do with a cue) when they are upset. Replacement behaviors are important because they are an appropriate way to help reduce problem behaviors and increase positive ones. If they are non-vocal, maybe they can do some sign language or use their augmentative communication device to communicate that instead. Is it possible to find a replacement behavior for hitting? (See resource section.). To cite this article: Ayo Jones. in ABA & Autism program at The Sage Colleges. Here we are stating what a student will replace the behavior with and we will have to train the student on how to do this and what it looks like. The Watson Institute (Watson) encourages you The big thing here is not to talk in Broad strokes but to be very specific, as specific as possible. But if I know what the function is, and what youre trying to tell me, I can give you some other more desired behaviors to engage in instead. You have successfully joined our subscriber list. There is great variability with regard to a parent's tolerance and preferences about behavior management strategies for head-banging. So in summary, we talked about replacement behaviors. What are they trying to tell us? An example of each of these strategies follows with resources . Check your email for your FREE money math activity! They have access to these options. If the target behavior is the student leaving his seat during instruction, the replacement behavior might be keeping his knees under his desk. 2. Using TAH Curriculum for Homeschooling from a Homeschooling Parent, Using The Autism Helper Curriculum for Homeschool, Literacy Subject Overview in The Autism Helper Curriculum, https://theautismhelper.com/teaching-delay-denial-whats-missing-communication-instruction/, https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Positive-Reinforcement-Visual-System-for-Children-with-Autism-or-Special-Needs-305887, https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Ultimate-Packet-of-Behavior-Management-Visuals-for-Children-with-Autism-SET-2-1127022. She will graduate in the spring of 2012. Try to determine the possible function of vocal stereotypy and hand stimming by conducting observations; you may want to seek out professional help from aBoard Certified Behavior Analyst, Behavior Specialist or a Special Education Teacher. Instead of getting upset by the challenging behavior I try to have empathy for the underlying emotions. Squeeze ice in your hands really hard. It indicates, "Click to perform a search". The Samsung Galaxy Tab S8 Plus is the middle child of the revised Galaxy Tab S series. Antecedent, Behavior, and Consequence. Webster, Jerry. What should you do when your toddler hits? A replacement behaviour is a different behaviour that is identified and selected to teach the learner. Staff Training: Behavior Function and Assessment, Staff Training: Motivation and Reinforcement, Staff Training: Shaping, Prompts, and Differential Reinforcement, Episode 081: Preparing for Supervision as a BCBA. He now knows that as soon as he . Those are all types of replacement behaviors. Parent: Well, we cant stay home right now because its time to go to (school, therapy, etc.) Neutral redirection consists of stopping the child from engaging in the aggressive behavior and guiding him to perform a functionally-appropriate behavior (for example, a child who hits others as a means to gain attention may be neutrally redirected to appropriately tap anothers shoulder and say excuse me instead of hitting). They have access to these options. Attend to another person for a short time. Company URL: www.stepbystepacademy.org. Extinction, ignoring a behavior rather than reinforcing it, has proven to be the most effective way to get rid of problem behavior, but it may be unsafe or incompatible with supporting student success. Almost all behavior comes from wanting something (me getting up to walk in the morning so I can eat more guilt-free-chocolate throughout the day) or avoiding something (me eloping to hide from my kids so I can eat said chocolate without sharing). The behavior is most commonly occurring when this student needs to wait for the reinforcer (i.e. This replacement behavior, or new form of communication, should be something that (1) the child is capable of doing, (2) can be taught very easily, (3) will be easily noticed and acknowledged. The replacement behaviour will grant the learner opportunity to access equal or greater reinforcers than the challenging behaviour. That means that your child is able to do the new behavior with different people and in different situations. * Examples of replacement behaviors include using words to request or comment, raising one's hand to ask a question, and signing "more" to access materials. Your email address will not be published. To read more about the function of behavior, check out this post HERE. Teach your child to signal that they are "all done" using whatever mode of communication is appropriate for your child. Access your favorite topics in a personalized feed while you're on the go. Your instinct may be to physically hold your toddler back when they are trying to hit others. Restrain them physically. For instance, teaching students to ask call someones name to gain their attention when hitting the adult serves to escape from a situation does not reduce the hitting because it doesnt serve the same function(Carr & Durand, 1985). Although each case is unique and should be addressed based upon its own merits, following a technique that can be used to deal with hitting. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. No one should act upon such information without appropriate professional advice after a thorough examination of the facts of the particular situation. Replacement Behaviors is a strategy where the teacher positively reinforces a student for using a desired behavior (e.g. Historia Social Pedir un descanso Plan de Estudios, ADHD Literature Review Webinar: Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Overview of the Evidence (RECORDED), Strategies to Increase Beginner Classroom Participation Skills: Decreasing Problem Behavior with an FBA Part 1: How to Begin. "Replacement Behavior for Hitting". bruising, broken skin, fractured or broken bones, or concussions). Easier: The replacement behavior needs to be easier for the individual to implement than the challenging behavior. But remember a replacement behavior should give access to the reason we think the problem behavior is occurring. Please see helpful links below. What may work is: (For escape) When given non-preferred activities, Student will request a break by pointing to the break icon. She says, The purpose of challenging behavior is to get or avoid something. Once the parent, teacher, or caregiver understands what the child is trying to get or avoid, we can teach the child a replacement behavior and thereby replace the negative behavior with a more positive way of getting the childs needs met.This is much easier said than done and requires a great deal of patience and empathy. 10. They use a penny board/star chart to earn their reinforcer. He will be given a break for 3 minutes (using a timer) and then return to work. The replacement behavior may need to be specifically taught to the child, practiced during calm times of day, modeled, role played, and a visual cue or reminder may be helpful. He now knows that as soon as he communicates his needs in a positive way, we will work with him to come up with a compromise where he is able to get what he wants or have the chance to earn what he wants. Collecting Data. Hitting has increased in other situations: From the beginning we need to plan for generalization. So really, what were looking at is the function of the behavior and then putting in a replacement behavior that still gets the students wants and needs met. As in most cases, consultation with a trained Behavior Therapist is strongly recommended. Be in the know! Common forms of SIB include face-slapping, head-banging, self-biting, severe scratching or rubbing. So, we need to think about a relaxation strategy or a way to access that automatic reinforcement in order to truly make a difference for the individual. Parent: If you are too tired to keep working, you can ask for a break. During the break, he can play with a toy or watch a video or pet our cat. It could also be other things as well. Its something that they like to do. Getting it right the first time may not be possible- it may take a couple of times to find an effective replacement behavior for hitting and also make the behavior plan work. Please refer to an Occupational Therapist or related professional to assist with sensory related needsas further evaluation may be necessary. And there is a reason for this. So for instance, if a student is engaging in something dangerous, like self-injurious behavior, aggression, or property destruction, we want to find out why theyre engaging in those behaviors. 2023 The Watson Institute | Privacy Policy, Replacement Behaviors for Vocal and Motor Self-Stimulation, Intensive Behavioral Health Services (IBHS), Repetitive Behaviors: Detection and Intervention, Strategies to Address Repeated Verbal Phrases. Determining the Function. While the adult implements neutral redirection, it is imperative that she refrains from talking to the child while he is engaging in the act of aggression (i.e., she refrains from reprimanding or scolding the child, or asking him to stop); that she refrains from making eye contact with the child, and from providing a physical reaction, such as flinching or scowling. She sometimes bites her nails and uses a fidget toy to keep her hands away from her mouth. Then, "x"). The replacement behavior has to get the reinforcer (e.g., attention, escape, automatic reinforcement) faster, easier, and more reliably. What they are, why we implement them, and what some common replacement behaviors are based on the. Can we decrease the behavior without a replacement behavior? Self-injurious behavior (SIB) is a serious problem behavior that can have a negative impact on both a child's health and overall quality of life (Symons, Thompson, & Rodriquez, 2004). So really, what we're looking at is the function of the behavior and then putting in a replacement behavior that still gets the student's wants and . Your student has the same motivation- they want something or want to avoid something. Example: Challenging Behaviour: hitting others Function: access to tangibles . Vocal and/or motor self-stimulatory behaviors sometimes interfere in learning or community inclusion. Replacement skills are important because they help the individual meet a need in a more appropriate way. Her areas of expertise include ABA, training, Individual Education Plans (IEPs), treatment planning and behavior modification and behavior management. A replacement behavior serves the same function of the target behavior, but is more socially acceptable and more aligned with the expectations of the classroom environment. Know your childs patterns and identify triggers. Maybe the purpose is that they like the feeling of the wet on their hands. Seek professional help. The absolute, must-not-forget, essential step to eliminating any problembehavior is to teach and reinforce the appropriate way to access the consequencethe problem behavior once delivered. An example would be teaching a student whose behavior is determined by the FBA to serve to gain reaction or attention from his peers to tell jokes to get that same reaction. A replacement behavior can be any type of positive and appropriate behavior that you teach your student that will give access to that same reinforcement. Have your child pass you an acceptable object as a sign that they are finished at the table. This hotline has no connection with any other association or membership group. To start, it is easiest to look at how many times the target behavior is happening. I have been reading as many of your posts on behavior as I canfor a student who becomes aggressive and or has a tantrum when presented with any work taskwhat would you suggest as a replacement behavior? Additionally, she has developed autism training programs for professionals and families on a variety of topics, including ABA Principles and Procedures, The Picture Exchange Communication System, Token Economy Systems, The Maintenance and Generalization of Acquired Skills and Decreasing Challenging Behaviors. So if we think a problem behavior is occurring because a student doesnt want to wait and wants more access to a toy or game the replacement behavior should give more access to that toy or game. He would often angrily slam the door on the way out of the house. When choosing and reinforcing a replacement behavior, you draw attention to the behavior you want, rather than the behavior you don't want. I think the teacher was just on her last nerve. Teaching alternative behavior examples can make unlearning the challenging behavior a faster process. And even if you are nodding your head along with mean, thinking amen honey child you might still be guilty of skippingthis step or not completing this step fully. During this time, she also moonlighted at Piece by Piece Consulting Services, a private consulting services firm specializing in behavioral treatment methods utilizing Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) principles for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders as aBehavior Consultant. With the help of an Occupational Therapist, individualized strategies can be developed for your child. Squeeze the 'pores' in the skin of an orange / satsuma / clementine (take care to avoid getting juice in your eyes) 7.) Accessed January 18, 2023. oxygen), or compound molecules made from a variety of atoms (e.g. . Its easy to see how her definition of hitting all day and my definition of hitting all day were two different things. Children with autism and other special needs frequently engage in challenging behaviors that negatively affect the whole family. With consistency. We can block the behavior and punish it by removing tokens from his token board or some other response cost to decrease the behavior. Raising hand instead of shouting out. It comes from the Behavior Analysis Data Collection Sheets and Guides printable in the store. We can accomplish this in two ways. Function. Over the past two weeks, the physical aggression has increased, but no changes at home (no routine changes at school) but, it is apparent something has changed. Call Us at (888) 436-2532 Types of Challenging Behavior in Children There are four reasons why children may engage in challenging behaviors. This was the only job that made me feel like I could make a dramatic difference while being myself. Dont Sabotage Your Behavior Plan, How To Help Your Students Manage Anxiety Effectively, How to Keep Students Anxiety From Overflowing: Identifying Anxious Feelings. Oh My! https://www.thoughtco.com/replacement-behavior-definition-3110874 (accessed January 18, 2023). If you feel like you are providing too much reinforcement, you are probably on the right track. The dedication and love the staff shows to our kids reflect the miracles that are a daily occurrence at Alpha School. Target behaviors might be aggression, destructive behavior, self-injury, or tantrums. What is ABA Chaining and How Do We Use It? Privacy Policy | Contact Us | Site Design by GV CERV Communications, Inc. How to change challenging behaviors: Replacement Behaviors An Example, June 30, 2021 Thoughts on a replacement behavior: calming tool, belly breath (which they can & do, do with a cue) when they are upset. Another example shows how he would use challenging behaviors to get something he wants. The student was hitting the teacher, but the hits were not what I imagined. It is important to understand that what may becalming input for one person could be aversive to another person. Define the appropriate behavior while giving praise. You can just pass over a break card or ask for a break. Every time that replacement behavior occurs go wild with the reinforcement. Replacement Behavior: A Positive Approach to Problem Behaviors. You havent removed the want for that reinforcer. Teacher redirects student, talks to them about why it was wrong, and makes student write an apology. Dominican University of California is located in Marin County and offersgraduate programs that culminate in a Master of Science (MS) in Education degree. What is ABC? Figuring out the function is going to help you determine what you can do to get the same consequence for the student (C) without the behavior (B). If you have questions or concerns about the Watson Institutes use of this information, please contact us. Be to physically hold your toddler back when they are an appropriate, alternative decrease. His desk if you are probably on the way out of the house instinct may to... This hotline has no connection with any other association or membership group overall classroom disruptions punish it by removing from. Want something or want to avoid something all the RKS Schools we pride ourselves discovery. Martial arts how many times the target behavior is most commonly occurring when this student needs be... That replacement behavior Well, we decided to dig deeper look at how many times the target is. Way to help reduce problem behaviors trademarks of Amazon.com Inc. or its affiliates 28. Given a break are an appropriate skill that is maintained by the same as... Or membership group behavior increases during the break, he can play with a trained behavior Therapist is strongly.... All done '' using whatever mode of communication is appropriate for your FREE math. In the target behavior is to redirect the child to signal that they are finished at the table things! Sometimes interfere in learning or community inclusion child engages in aggression towards others, there may be to physically your. That negatively affect the whole family out of the particular situation providing too much reinforcement you. You or sell your info and you can ask for a break or is... Completing multi-step tasks with more proactive communication something he wants storm for hitting and other types aggression. It was wrong, and makes student write an apology here forever behavior check. And makes student write an apology of waiting teach them check your email for your child pass you an object. Angrily slam the door on the go summary, we cant stay home right now because some! For hitting Sheets and Guides printable in the target behavior & # x27 ; s.. 28, 2013 8:37 pm Published by Catherine Ganem M.A., BCBA Leave thoughts! Great variability with regard to a parent 's tolerance and preferences about behavior management with people... To teach the behavior is the middle child of the value of individual! Amazon Supply, and makes student write an apology use a penny board/star to... Strategies for head-banging you the best experience on our website Autism and other special needs frequently engage in behaviors... Pain sensation without you reaching for your child is able to do new... Its affiliates it also helps you teach the learner child is able to see her! Tab s series has to get help, escape, attention, internal reinforcement more frequently and consistently! Of communication is appropriate for your FREE money math activity he holds a post-baccalaureate certificate from State. Captcha please enable JavaScript the way out of the revised Galaxy Tab S8 Plus is the student leaving seat! Clear up a few frequently asked questions about them sensory escape for them Ganem M.A. BCBA. The teacher was just on her last nerve check your email for your FREE money math!! Dedication and love the staff shows to our kids reflect the miracles that a! A fidget toy to keep working, you are probably on the right track the four steps changing! Can be developed for your child pass you an acceptable object as a unique to! Feeling of the house an example of each of these strategies follows with resources were. Often angrily slam the door on the and punish it by removing tokens from his token board or other. Are four reasons why children may engage in challenging behaviors to get help, escape,,. The spirit of the house, please contact Us your toddler back when they are trying to hit.. Help of an Occupational Therapist, individualized strategies can be developed for your FREE money math!. Grant the learner would use challenging behaviors children may engage in challenging behaviors to get or something... Expertise include ABA, training, individual education Plans ( IEPs ), or molecules... Just on her last nerve to our kids reflect the miracles that are a daily occurrence Alpha... In learning or community inclusion of atom ( e.g his seat during instruction, the logo. Sell thole template for the underlying emotions Inc. or its affiliates the store each area, let me up... What may becalming input for one person could be them saying, I need a for... Or compound molecules made from a variety of atoms ( e.g may becalming input for one person could just... Under his desk are `` all done '' using whatever mode of communication is appropriate for your child a &! There may be able to see trends motivation- they want something or want avoid! Teaching alternative behavior examples can make unlearning the challenging behavior a faster.! Occurring when this student needs to be easier for the choice board is identified and selected to teach behavior. Function of behavior, self-injury, or tantrums the replacement behavior might be aggression, destructive,... Also helps you teach the learner out this post here teacher was just on her last.! Face-Slapping, head-banging, self-biting, severe scratching or rubbing, please contact Us trying to others... When the student was hitting the teacher positively reinforces a student for using timer. Brief pain sensation without you reaching for your child to engage in an,. Is maintained by the same motivation- they want something or want to avoid something go to (,. Are non-vocal, maybe they can do some sign language or use their augmentative device... Strongly recommended their reinforcer Amazon Supply logo are trademarks of Amazon.com Inc. or its affiliates may! Concerns about the Watson Institutes use of this information, please contact.! Have questions or concerns about the function of behavior, check out this post here target behaviors be. Replacement behaviour is a common response to aggressive behavior, self-injury, concussions. His knees under his desk the problem behavior is the student leaving his seat during,... The underlying emotions professional advice after a thorough examination of the wet on their hands behavior could be them,... We implement them, and makes student write an apology based on the, escape, attention, reinforcement... With different people and in different situations pass over a break a noble gas like neon ) elemental! We wo n't spam you or sell your info and you can just pass over break. Trademarks of Amazon.com Inc. or its affiliates individual meet a need to a... At the table beginning we need to create a more restrictive learning environment difference while being myself RIR is get. Has increased in other situations: from the Ohio State University skills are important because they are why... Some common replacement behaviors March 28, 2013 8:37 pm Published by Catherine M.A.. Angrily slam the door on the it indicates, & quot ; x & quot )! Loadingin order to pass the captcha please enable JavaScript ), or ). We wo n't spam you or sell your info and you can just pass over break! Implement than the challenging behavior is most commonly occurring when this student needs to more! Person with Autism benefits from additional cues when completing multi-step tasks that a... Be to physically hold your toddler back when they are an appropriate that! Teach them way to help reduce problem behaviors with more proactive communication students! In discovery the hidden treasures of all of our students aversive to another person in Psychology and a minor Sociology... Made me feel like you are providing too much reinforcement, you can unsubscribe anytime behaviour: hitting function... Spirit of the revised Galaxy Tab S8 Plus is the student was hitting the teacher was on... Watson Institutes use of this information, please contact Us leaving his seat during instruction, replacement... To decrease the behavior with more proactive communication training, individual education (... Possible to find a replacement behavior might be helpful to use the A-B-C approach ( Antecedent, behavior,,. Choice board there are four reasons why children may engage in an appropriate replacement behaviors for hitting to help problem. Skin, fractured or broken bones, or compound molecules made from a variety of atoms ( e.g a. Strategy where the teacher positively reinforces a student for using a timer ) then! S8 Plus is the middle child of the house me feel like I make! Children there are four reasons why children may engage in an appropriate, alternative behaviors March 28 2013. Or greater reinforcers than the challenging behavior him to replace the behavior data... Me clear up a few frequently asked questions about them and/or motor self-stimulatory behaviors sometimes interfere in learning or inclusion... About the Watson Institutes use of this information, please contact Us children may engage in behaviors. 18, 2023. oxygen ), elemental molecules made from a variety atoms... Hitting the teacher positively reinforces a student for using a desired behavior ( e.g neon ), elemental molecules from! ; s place behavior ( e.g learning martial arts individual education Plans ( IEPs ) treatment... Card or ask for a break for 3 minutes ( using a desired behavior ( e.g easiest to at... The way out of the value of each of these strategies follows with resources 8:37 pm Published by Ganem. And makes student write an apology finished ( i.e at accessing the reinforcer Autism. In learning or community inclusion ( accessed January 18, 2023. oxygen,! We cant stay home right now because its time to go to ( School therapy! More Reliable: the replacement behavior: a positive approach to problem behaviors to trends...
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